What are Micronutrients and Supplements?
Use of vitamins, minerals, cofactors, essential fatty acids, or combination “micronutrient” formulas intended to correct deficiencies or support metabolic processes that might affect behavior and development. Examples studied include vitamin D, B vitamins, folinic acid, methylcobalamin (B12), omega-3 fatty acids, and multivitamin/mineral formulas.
How does it work in Autism?
Rationale: Some individuals with ASD have nutritional deficiencies, altered metabolism, or oxidative/mitochondrial differences. Supplements aim to correct deficiencies or support biochemical pathways (e.g., methylation, mitochondrial function, antioxidant defenses) that could influence brain function. Evidence varies by supplement.
What are the benefits?
Correcting documented deficiencies (e.g., vitamin D, iron) improves general health.
Some trials and systematic reviews report small-to-moderate improvements for specific supplements (e.g., folinic acid, certain B-vitamins) for some children, but results are inconsistent across studies.
What are the side effects?
Most supplements are safe when used appropriately, but risks include toxicity (fat-soluble vitamins), nutrient interactions (e.g., excess folate masking B12 deficiency), variable product quality, and expense. Overuse without medical supervision is discouraged. Always check doses and clinician oversight.
References
Recent reviews on vitamins/minerals in ASD, NCCIH and Cochrane summaries. PMC+2NCCIH+2